"para-religion." Oxford Dictionary of Sociology. Ed. John Scott, Gordon Marshall. Oxford University Press, 2005. eNotes.com. 2006. 2 Apr, 2009 <http://www.enotes.com/oxsoc-encyclopedia/
para-religion>
para-religion Since the 1960s, the proliferation of cults, sects, private religions, invisible religions, and esoteric belief-systems in general has left sociologists of religion struggling to define their core subject-matter. It has seemed increasingly unsatisfactory simply to assume that religion happens in churches (or, indeed, that Churches are necessarily concerned primarily with the promotion of religion). As a result there have been numerous attempts to impose order on the field. In one such effort, A. L. Greil and T. Robbins ( eds.) (Between Scared and Secular, 1994) distinguish between religions (as conventionally understood), on the one hand, and ‘para-religions’ and ‘quasi-religions’ on the other. Para-religious phenomena ‘involve expressions of ultimate concern’ but make no claim to be religions because no supernatural beliefs are involved. Examples include psychotherapy as practiced in a communal setting and ritualistic aspects in corporate and consumer life. Quasi-religions do make supernatural claims but these are ‘anomalous given the American folk category of “religion”’. Occultism, New Age spiritualism, astrology, and Scientology are cited as exemplars. The fact that the last of these has been involved in a long history of political and legal wrangling in order to have itself recognized as a Church illustrates the difficulties of defining clear boundaries in this particular sphere of sociological interest.
Oh my i'd better convert,Today! As I look at my watch...
"It's Armageddon already." and I don't know what to wear.
As we approach 2012 Doomsday, The End of the World, religion becomes an organized approach to human spirituality which encompasses a set of narratives, symbols, beliefs and practices, often with a supernatural or transcendent quality, that give meaning to the practitioner's experiences of life through reference to a higher power or truth.
It may be expressed through prayer, ritual, meditation, music and art, among other things. It may focus on specific supernatural, metaphysical, and moral claims about reality (the cosmos, and human nature) which may yield a set of religious laws, ethics, and a particular lifestyle. Religion also encompasses ancestral or cultural traditions, writings, history, and mythology, as well as personal faith and religious experience.
The term "religion" refers to both the personal practices related to communal faith and to group rituals and communication stemming from shared conviction. "2012 Religion" is sometimes used interchangeably with "faith" or "belief system," but it is more socially defined than personal convictions, and it entails specific behaviors, respectively.
The development of religion has taken many forms in various cultures. It considers psychological and social roots, along with origins and historical development. Well if today's history is any sign of what's going on then all seems to be converging on one date.
In the frame of western religious thought, religions present a common quality, the "hallmark of patriarchal religious thought": the division of the world in two comprehensive domains, one sacred, the other profane.
Religion is often described as a communal system for the coherence of belief focusing on a system of thought, unseen being, person, or object, that is considered to be supernatural, sacred, divine, or of the highest truth. Moral codes, practices, values, institutions, tradition, rituals, and scriptures are often traditionally associated with the core belief, and these may have some overlap with concepts in secular philosophy. Religion is also often described as a "way of life" or a life stance.
Paranormal Investigation has become a Religion in itself today. The search for answers outside the circle of Science and Doctrine. Mayan end od days studies, doomsday, Nostradamus and etc., etc. Lump this into what your doing reading this now. Reading the Daily News . Then your a member of this ever growing group looking for an answer that no one defines to quote correctly for laymen's terms.
While the new 2012 superstitions and magical thinking refer to nonscientific causal reasoning, applied to specific things or actions, a new religion is a more complex system about general or ultimate things, involving morality, history and community.
Because today's world religions may include and exploit certain superstitions or make use of magical thinking, while mixing them with broader considerations, the division between superstition and religious faith is hard to specify and subjective.
Religious believers have often seen other religions as superstition. Likewise, some atheists, agnostics, deists, and skeptics regard religious belief as superstition.
The new 2012 Religious practices are most likely to be labeled "superstitious" by outsiders when they include belief in extraordinary events (miracles and disasters), an afterlife or none at all, supernatural and alien interventions, apparitions or the efficacy of 2012 hoodoo voodoo prayer. And don't forget the new 2012 hosts of charms, incantations, the meaningfulness of 2012 omens, and prognostications.
Greek and Roman pagans, who modeled their relations with the gods on political and social terms scorned the man who constantly trembled with fear at the thought of the gods, as a slave feared a cruel beatings and injustices of their master.
The new 2012 Religious conversion is the adoption of a new religious identity, or a change from one religious identity to another. This today typically entails the sincere avowal of a new belief system, but may also present itself in other ways, such as adoption into an identity group or spiritual lineage. "2012 Conversion" occurs not only from one religion to another, but also between different denominations within the same faith, when this involves a felt change of identity rather than other reasons such as convenience.
Types of 2012 religious conversion include:
* Marital conversion, religious conversion upon marriage outside of religion
* Secondary conversion, done because of a personal relationship
* Deathbed conversion, the acceptance of religious belief shortly before death.
* Forced conversion, done under threat - a form of religious persecution
Christianity and Islam are major religions which emphasize the desirability of conversion. Buddhism has done so historically, and still witnesses modest levels of missionary activity. Judaism and Hinduism allow in-conversion, but generally do not encourage it.
From the sun-scorched sands of the Kalahari to the snake-infested jungles of the Amazon, Les Stroud has made a life of surviving in the harshest—and most remote—regions on Earth.
Now, the creator, producer, and host of the hit television program Survivorman transfers his decades of knowledge and experience to the pages of Survive!, a practical guide that gives everyday readers a no-nonsense look at the real world of survival.
Stroud offers readers the essential skills and tactics necessary to endure in any corner of the globe, along with a wealth of insider information born of his own experiences in the outdoors and unavailable in any other book. Readers will learn:
How to make a survival shelter and why a lean-to is largely a waste of time.
Why survival kits are important, and why you should make your own.
Where to find water and why drinking contaminated water is sometimes warranted.
How to locate and trap small animals and why the notion of tracking and hunting large game is largely a pipe dream.
Whether seasoned in the outdoor arts or new to adventuring, all readers will learn something from Survive!. Stroud's many colorful anecdotes and cut-to-the-chase philosophy not only make for an entertaining read, but also enhance anyone's ability to focus on the main goal when everything else has gone wrong—survival.
Celebrate the 260 day Mayan calendar and the 360 day calendar! Olmec, Aztec and the Maya human beings used this calendar before they were conquered. This is a spiritual calendar showing the sequence of energies which are "day." See for yourself.
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